1. Narrations of great personalities.
2. Teacher should be friendly.
3. Provide enthusiastic environment.
4. Help to set new motives to develop self image.
5. Develop self study habits in students.
6. Encourage the students to evaluate them.
7. Create a pleasant atmosphere.
Do you know what is self-actualization? Self-actualization means becoming everything that one is capable of. How to become a self-actualized person? Following are the major characteristics of a self actualized person. See if you are a self actualized person by checking these points. If not, you can achieve self actualized person by developing these characteristics.
1. They are realistically oriented persons. They give importance to realities.
2. They are problem-centered rater than self-centered.
3. They are spontaneous in thinking, emotions and behaviour.
4. They accept themselves, others and their natural environment as what they are.
5. They are autonomous persons who are self-directed and independent.
6. They are democratic in character.
7. They have highly developed sense of ethics that is they are able to distinguish right and wrong.
8. They possess a great capacity for creativeness.
9. They also have a sense of humour.
Motivation means arousing movement or interest. Interest is the mother of attention and attention is the mother of learning.
Steps to motivate the students:
1. Creating a pleasant atmosphere in the classroom.
2. Stimulus variation by teacher.
3. Using appropriate AV aids.
4. Setting up of goals.
5. Providing reinforcements and rewards to students.
6. Sublimation of innate powers.
7. Promoting competition and corporation.
8. Maintaing a good rapport with the students.
1. How you approach studying matters. To study better and faster you need to take it seriously.
2. Set a time schedule for studying and stick onto it. Revise the timetable if required.
3. Where you studying is important. If you study lying on bed you may fall asleep. Choose a comfortable place to sit and study.
4. Bring everything you need, nothing you don't. Get your textbooks, notes, pens, etc. before you start.
5. Make your own notes.
6. Use memory games such as Mnemonics.
7. Practice by yourself or with friends.
8. Keep a progress book to record your progress in learning. It will help you to plan accordingly.
9. Take breaks and rewards.
10. Drink water while you are studying.
11. Keep healthy and balanced.
12. Know what the expectations for the class.
13. Don't forget to learn.
14. Work out previous year's question papers.
15. Read extra material and avoid depending on textbooks.
Theories of Transfer of Learning & Proponents:
1. Theory of Mental Discipline - Plateau
2. Theory of Identical Elements - Edward Lee Thorndike
3. Theory of Generalization - Charles Judd
4. Theory of Transposition - Max Wertheimer
5. Theory of Learning to Learn - Harlow
Transfer of learning is the process of carrying over the habits of thinking, knowledge, skills and attitude from one situation to another situation. Intelligence, attitude, study habits, methods of teaching, learning materials, etc. influence this process.
Steps to facilitate Transfer of Learning:
1. Provide variety of examples taken from daily life and encourage people to site examples.
2. Identify instructional goals and formulating specific behavioural terms.
3. Organize the learning materials in a hierarchical order of difficulty.
4. Adopt problem solving and inquory methods.
5. Stimulate the students to learn more beyond what has benn taught in the classroom.
6. Teach students to learn the method of learning to learn.
Plateaus in Learning is a natural and temporary process where no progress or improvement in learning even with any number of efforts.
Causes
1. Poor physical conditions.
2. Mental fatigue.
3. Illness of the learner.
4. Unfavourable environment.
5. Distraction of attention.
6. Lack of interes.
7. Absence of motivation.
8. Complexity of task.
9. Faulty method of learning.
10. Tranaition from a lower to higher level of performance.
11. Conflict of old study habits with new ones.
12. Lack of maturity of the learner in relation to complexity of the task.
13. Absence of feedback or reinforcement.
14. Satisfaction of the learner with moderate achievement.
Solutions
1. Adopt efficient method of teaching and learning.
2. Set achievable objectives.
3. Arrange learning experience according to the increasing level of difficulty.
4. Avoid introducing new materials in a hurried manner.
5. Use appropriate AV aids.
6. Provide incentives to arouse and maintain motivation.
7. Eliminate the distracting factors.
8. Avoid physical and mental fatigue.
9. Encourage the learner to stop the taak for a short time and start it again.
